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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential entrada before Trump selected Mike Pence every bit his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Groovy Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let'southward Brand America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Beak Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his married woman Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential master entrada. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's apply of the phrase "probably the most resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the land was in decline.[two] [iii]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread utilise and spawning numerous variants in the arts, amusement and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link information technology to racism in the United States, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [five] [6] [7] The slogan was as well at the center of ii events originally reported inaccurately in about media outlets, the Jussie Smollett hate crime hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [x] [xi]

Utilize before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was offset used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a oral communication at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United States presidential election: "What is the way? Hither is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, upper-case letter, and management; who can requite the man of enterprise encouragement, who tin requite them the spirit which volition afford vision. That will brand America smashing again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was constitute in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[xiii]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let's make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at domicile marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the land's economic distress every bit a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amongst the electorate.[xiv] [fifteen] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, specially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abased hope, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a great national crusade to brand America bully once more."[18] [19]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton likewise used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 balloter entrada, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a bulletin to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give yous an economy you had fifty years ago, and... move you support on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell's book nigh her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Press on August 16, 2011, as Troublemaker: Permit's Do What Information technology Takes to Brand America Slap-up Again.[24]

Use past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Brand America Great Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running every bit a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open up because, above all else, we must make America cracking again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a volume using as a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #i Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was inverse to "Make America Corking Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Brand America Great Once more" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On Jan 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretarial assistant of State's part to create the "Make America Great Once again Party", which would take allowed Trump to exist that party's nominee if he had decided to go a 3rd-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day later on Barack Obama won his reelection confronting Mitt Romney. By his own account, Trump starting time considered "We Volition Brand America Great", but did not feel similar it had the correct "ring" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, only upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never groovy. Afterward selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, only noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered every bit a service marker on July fourteen, 2015, afterwards Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the awarding.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public every bit early as Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Go on America Neat" hat in Dec 2019

During the 2016 entrada, Trump oft used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular amidst his supporters.[32] The slogan was then important to the campaign that at one point information technology spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or idiot box commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent hat 10 to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys 1, that's an advertizing."[28]

Following Trump'due south election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Go along America Great" and he sought to trademark information technology.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 campaign connected to use the "Make America Great Once again" slogan.[35] Trump'south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America bang-up again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "over again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was too mocked.[38]

Less than a week after Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a tertiary party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Nifty Again Political party". In his first few days out of office, he likewise supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who too called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the old president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[39] [40]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My employ of social media is not Presidential – it'due south Mod Twenty-four hours PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Once again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Marker Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post'southward retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the average Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in office) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, five,820,000 hashtag exposure, and iii,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump set upward his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the announcement (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its utilise since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America journalist, among others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear information technology as racist coded language, but as well to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups accept become more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America Starting time did in the early 1940s, with the thought "that the true version of America is the America that looks similar me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[due west]earing a 'Make America Great Again' hat is non necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you wear one, it's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump'south racist views nigh Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[6] The Detroit Complimentary Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan equally "fabled", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten percent of blackness voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ non-primary source needed ] while about thirty percentage of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and onetime Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be picayune doubt about US President Donald Trump'south views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Dandy Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, flash, wink—to Make America White Over again."[52]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and writer Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Proficient Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Tin Win the War on Terror and Brand America Great Over again [53] cartoon on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book almost her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special ballot titled Troublemaker: Let'due south Do What It Takes To Make America Not bad Again.[54]

After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's principal opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Nifty Once again" in speeches, inciting Trump to transport finish-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Over again", in response to Trump'due south boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016, debate.[55] The phrase has too been parodied in political statements, such equally "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.South.–United mexican states border.[56] [57]

During remarks at the White House on May four, 2022, President Biden referred to one-time President Trump's "Brand America Great Again" motility, maxim, "This MAGA oversupply is really the most extreme political organization that's existed in American history, in recent American history."[58]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that groovy" during a September 2018 bill signing.[59] [60] Onetime U.s.a. Chaser General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you lot remember America was great?"[61] [62] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to be made great again because America was e'er great."[63] Trump afterwards tweeted "MAKE AMERICA Swell AGAIN!" later that day.[64]

Use past hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were ordinarily used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive infinite" for far-right extremists globally.[65]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of French republic, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last sentence of the voice communication delivered by him was "brand our planet great again."[66]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in October 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia peachy again", though he denied having copied Trump.[67]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Over again".[68] [69]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Motility have ofttimes used slogans like "Brand Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[seventy] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Once more.[71]

The Spanish far right political party VOX used as slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Make Spain Great Once again".[72] [73]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Over again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Great Once again" catchphrase equally it appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took function in a "Make America Horny Again" strip order tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and office of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[74]

Advert [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Again".[75]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Neat Once more was a street art landscape by creative person Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[76] [77]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Again".[78]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers challenge an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed as the World Trade Center during the September eleven attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[79] [80] [81]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Red Carpeting e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[82]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Once more" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[83]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Dandy Again" fez hat in one scene.[84]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[85]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Ballot Year (2016) is "Keep America Not bad" (a phrase Trump would afterward use as his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the Boob tube spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does and so "to go on my country [America] peachy".[86] The next film in the franchise, The Showtime Purge, was later on advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA chapeau.[87]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA chapeau throughout the picture.[88]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin'south Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his entrada against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great once more".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Gratis Again" in its marketing campaign.[89]
  • In Metallic Gear Ascent: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Great Again" during his speech while battling Raiden.[ninety]
  • In Hitman 2 (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a broadcast under the slogan Haz que Republic of colombia sea grande otra vez .[91]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[92]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 chosen M.A.T.A, pregnant Make America Trap Again.[93]
  • Make America Stone Again was a rock concert bout.[94]
  • Rap stone supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Confronting the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Brand America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA lid.
  • Great britain musician and author James Kennedy released a stone protest album in 2020 called 'Make Anger Great Over again'[95]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[96]
  • Frank Turner released a song chosen "Make America Groovy Over again" on his anthology Exist More than Kind (2018).
  • Vocalist Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Bully Once more" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[97]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper'south video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[98]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Bully Once more.[99]
  • Metallic band Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Make America Detest Again" on their anthology Human Target (2019). They too sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball Fun Once more" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Slap-up Again" equally the presidential campaign slogan for a grapheme, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[100] Jarret is described every bit "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[101]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Once more",[102] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his bear witness Concluding Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment defended to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[103] [104] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[104]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[105]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What'south Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious once more", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[106] [107] [108] [109]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the blackness people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Effect occurs at 0:00.
  2. ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And and then he disrupted American politics". Trick News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
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  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Great Once again' Racist?". Vox of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Free Printing . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February five, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are unlike forms of expression, but they share a certain unfortunate Dna". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their Truthful Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Make America great again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Land of white male person supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blueish-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women belong in the domicile, and the needs of white men were paramount.
  8. ^ "How The Media Covered Jussie Smollett". NPR.org . Retrieved September xv, 2021.
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  23. ^ "Nib Clinton suggests Trump slogan racist – but he used the same i". Fox News. September ix, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
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  35. ^ Kumar, Anita (May 20, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA 2.0 for a pandemic era". Politico. Retrieved Nov 23, 2020.
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  37. ^ Hall, Louise (August 25, 2020). "Mike Pence mocked for spin on Trump election slogan". The Independent . Retrieved December 31, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ Bremner, Jade (October v, 2021). "Trump ridiculed for name of new PAC: Make America Dandy Again, Again". The Independent . Retrieved January 1, 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  44. ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
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  46. ^ Illing, Sean (October 22, 2018). "How "America Showtime" ruined the "American dream"". Vox . Retrieved May 18, 2021.
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  56. ^ Cadman, Dan (May 16, 2016). "'Make America United mexican states Again'". CIS.org . Retrieved Feb 21, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  60. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (August 15, 2018). "Cuomo Says America 'Was Never That Great' in Jab at Trump Slogan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April xxx, 2019.
  61. ^ "Holder to Trump: 'Exactly when did you lot remember America was slap-up?'". MSNBC. March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. Holder as well discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Great Again', posing the question: 'when did you lot call up America was bully?'
  62. ^ Norman, Greg (March 28, 2019). "Eric Holder goes on MAGA attack: 'Exactly when did y'all think America was not bad?'". Fox News . Retrieved April 30, 2019.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

funkmiturie.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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