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Zerelda James
Zerelda James (before 1923)
Born	Zerelda Elizabeth Cole (1825-01-29)January 29, 1825 Woodford County, Kentucky, U.s.a.
Died	Feb ten, 1911(1911-02-10) (aged 86) near Oklahoma Urban center, Oklahoma, US
Spouse(s)	Robert S. James
Children	8, including Frank James, Jesse James, and Archie Peyton Samuel

Zerelda Elizabeth Cole James Simms Samuel (January 29, 1825 – February 10, 1911) was the mother of Frank James and Jesse James.

Biography [edit]

Built-in every bit Zerelda Elizabeth Cole in Woodford County, Kentucky her parents were James and Sarah Lindsay Cole; she had ane younger brother, Jesse Richard Cole. One year younger than she, her brother committed suicide in 1895 for undisclosed reasons.

She was of English and Scottish descent. When Zerelda was a small child, her male parent broke his neck in a riding accident leaving her mother with two minor children. They were taken in past her paternal grandfather who owned a saloon. After her mother remarried to Robert Thomason, a farmer. Zerelda, by all accounts, did not go along with her new stepfather, Robert, and so she went to live with some of her mother's relatives in Kentucky where she attended a Catholic girls school.

Kickoff marriage [edit]

At the historic period of xvi, Zerelda Cole married Robert Sallee James on December 28, 1841, at the home of her uncle, James Madison Lindsay, in Stamping Ground, Kentucky. A college friend of Robert'due south officiated as the best human being and tobacco was given in bond. The two moved to the vicinity of Centerville (later on Kearney, Missouri).

Robert James was a commercial hemp farmer, a slave owner, and a pop evangelical minister in the Baptist Church. Zerelda bore him four children.

• Alexander Franklin James (b. January ten, 1843 – d. February eighteen, 1915)
• Robert R. James (b. July xix, 1845 – d. August 21, 1845)
• Jesse Woodson James (b. September v, 1847 – d. April 3, 1882)
• Susan Lavenia James (b. November 25, 1849 – d. March 3, 1889)

Shortly afterward the birth of his daughter, Susan, Robert James moved to California to preach to the gilded miners, where he contracted either pneumonia, cholera or typhoid, and died on (according to tradition) August eighteen, 1850. His grave has never been officially identified and no mark exists for him today. There is a much disputed story that in later on years Jesse went looking for the grave of his begetter.

Second wedlock [edit]

Benjamin Simms (born circa 1830 – d. January 2, 1854) was a wealthy farmer who married widow Zerelda James on September 30, 1852. The marriage proved to exist an unhappy i, largely because of Simms' dislike of Frank James and Jesse James, to whom he was reportedly barbarous.^{[ citation needed ]} Zerelda left Simms, who died on January 2, 1854, when he was thrown by his horse.

Third marriage [edit]

Zerelda married a third fourth dimension, to Dr. Reuben Samuel (b. January 1829 – d. March 1, 1908), on September 25, 1855. Samuel has been described equally "a quiet, passive human being, was widely described as continuing in the shadow of his outspoken, forceful wife". Dr. Reuben Samuel and Zerelda Samuel had four children:

• Sarah Louisa Samuel (b. April 7, 1858 – d. July 14, 1921)
• John Thomas Samuel (b. December 25, 1861 – d. March 15, 1934)
• Fanny Quantrill Samuel (b. October 18, 1863 – d. May 3, 1922)
• Archie Peyton Samuel (b. July 26, 1866 – d. January 26, 1875)

There has been some dispute as to the spelling of the surname "Samuel". Sometimes it is spelled "Samuels". However, the spelling "Samuel" is attested by birth records, family gravestones, and neighbor Homer Croy.

Pinkerton Raid [edit]

Allan Pinkerton, the Pinkerton Bureau'due south founder and leader, attempted to capture the James brothers. On the nighttime of Jan 25, 1875, he staged a raid on the homestead. Detectives threw an incendiary device into the house; it exploded, killing James's immature half-brother Archie (named for Archie Cloudless) and blowing off the correct arm of Zerelda Samuel.^[1] Afterward, Pinkerton denied that the raid's intent was arson, but biographer Ted Yeatman located a letter of the alphabet by Pinkerton in the Library of Congress in which Pinkerton alleged his intention to "fire the business firm down."^{[2] [3]}

Mail service Jesse: The James Subcontract Tour [edit]

With all the press circulating of the famous James brothers of Missouri, the hysteria of the Frank James trial and all the dime novels of which the family did not approve, information technology was inevitable that people would plough up at the farm wanting to see the place where the infamous Jesse James had grown upwards.

Zerelda charged for the tour, and the visitors were taken on a tour of the farmhouse including a vivid account of the Pinkerton Raid in January. The fireplace does not behave burn marks merely there is evidence of which floor boards were salvaged and which were replaced when the repairs were made as bounty by Pinkerton to Mrs. James for the decease of her son and injury to herself.

The bout culminated at the grave of Jesse, who was originally buried in the front yard outside Zerelda's sleeping room window so when she slept at dark, she had a articulate, unobstructed view of his grave. Zerelda was worried that someone would come and take him and then she had him buried an actress few feet downwardly than the standard 6.^{[ commendation needed ]} For an extra few coins visitors were allowed to scoop upwards the "accurate" pebbles from the grave. Zerelda replenished them from the stream where the boys used to play. Years later when Jesse's wife, also named Zerelda, died, his mother^{[ citation needed ]} had Jesse reburied alongside his wife at Mount Olivet in Kearney, MO. She further would play on the sympathies of her visitors by offering to sell old, rusted, often inoperable guns that she said belonged to Jesse before he died, which in reality she had bought 2nd-manus, leading to a proliferation of people claiming to and sincerely assertive that they owned a gun that had once belonged to Jesse James.^{[ citation needed ]}

Death [edit]

Zerelda died in 1911 in the Burlington carriage on a train traveling to San Francisco, California of a heart ailment (some 20 miles exterior of Oklahoma City). She was 86 years old and was cached next to Reuben Samuel, her third husband, and sons Jesse and Archie at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Dirt Canton, Missouri.^[4]

Popular culture [edit]

• Mamaw by Susan K. Dodd, a fictional book about Zerelda.
• Fran Ryan played Zerelda in the 1980 film The Long Riders, which was a more than or less accurate movie near the last years of the James-Younger gang after the Civil War
• Jane Darwell played Zerelda in the 1939 movie starring Tyrone Power, which has her grapheme dying at the movie'due south beginning, while in reality she outlived her son by nearly 30 years.
• Mentioned in the Tom Waits song "Diamond in Your Listen"
• The actress Ann Doran portrayed Zerelda in the ABC television series The Legend of Jesse James (1965–1966). Christopher Jones and Allen Case played Jesse and Frank James, respectively.

Timeline [edit]

• 1825 Nascency on January 29
• 1850 Death of Robert Sallee James, her first husband
• 1854 Death of Benjamin Simms, her 2nd hubby
• 1875 Death of son Archie Samuel
• 1882 Expiry of son Jesse James
• 1900 Us Census in Washington, Missouri
• 1908 Death of Reuben Samuel, her third husband
• 1911 Death in Oklahoma Urban center, Oklahoma on February x
• 1915 Death of son Frank James

References [edit]

1. ^ Monahan, Sherry (22 January 2016). "A Deadly Kitchen". True West Magazine . Retrieved 15 Jan 2019.
2. ^ Yeatman, Ted P. (2000). Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend. Cumberland Firm Publishing. pp. 128–44. ISBN1-58182-325-viii.
3. ^ Stiles, T.J. (2002). Jesse James: Concluding Rebel of the Civil War. Knopf Publishing. pp. 272–85. ISBN0-375-40583-6.
4. ^ Jesse and Frank James

Bibliography [edit]

• Settle, William A. Jr.: Jesse James Was His Proper noun, or, Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri, University of Nebraska Printing, 1977
• Yeatman, Ted P.: Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Fable, Cumberland Firm, 2001
• Stiles, T.J.: Jesse James: Terminal Rebel of the Civil War, Alfred A. Knopf, 2002
• Jesse and Frank James: The Family History by Phillip Steele

External links [edit]

• Media related to Zerelda James at Wikimedia Eatables
• Official website for the Family of Jesse James: Stray Leaves, A James Family unit in America Since 1650
• The James Subcontract

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerelda_James